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Another theory is that of coexistential realism. It starts with a rejection
of the two extremes. Firstly, the world is only a construction of our
consciousness or language; secondly, reality is only a lifeless mass of
separate objects and not of any fundamental importance to relationships.
Parallel philosophy says that the universe resists, independent of our
will, but we always experience it through relationships, body language,
history, and social position.
66.1 Objective resistance
The fire does not depend on my opinion of whether it will burn or not:
disease, flood, gravity, hunger, bodily harm, the weight of things, all
resist outside our choice of reality. This is why coexistential realism is
not relativism. There is a difference between what we think it looks like
and what it really is. The need for proof, testing and improvement stems
from this.
66.2 The relationship is a real one.
But it is incomplete to consider matter only as a solitary substance. Man
exists at the same time in relation to his son, mother, citizen, worker,
linguistic person, friend, neighbour, biological organism and historical
heir. Society is not just a collection of individuals; institutions, rules,
language, memory and authority structure relationships. Rivers are not
just bodies of water; they are also relationships of ecology, agriculture,
geography, memory, and livelihood.
66.3 The individual and the community
Coexistential realism accepts the independent dignity of the individual
but does not consider them to be self-sufficient atoms imagined outside
society. Individuals develop through language, upbringing, education,
resources, and institutions. However, society does not have total power
over the individual. Relationships make people, and people can change
relationships. In this duality, both freedom and responsibility take place.
66.4 The experience and the object
The same reality may be experienced differently in different social
spaces. Disaster-statistics for flood authorities may include crop failures
for farmers, school breakdowns for children, and displacement for
migrant families. These multiple experiences do not make reality
arbitrary but rather show its multilayeredness. The material phenomena
are one, their human relations are many.
66.5 Indian and Western Dialogue
Constructive dialogue is possible through the materialistic tendencies of
Nyaya-Vaisheshika, the relational-sensitivities of Buddhist
phenomenology, the multifacetedness of the Jaina Encyclopedia,
Aristotle 's social man, Hegel 's critique of belief, and contemporary
relational philosophy. But the theory of this text is not a repetition of any
one tradition; it is an independent answer to the question of how to put
objectivity and relational experience together.
66.6 Prejudice: Assuming a relationship would undermine objective truth
The objection is that if every knowledge is built into social relations, then
truth will become a plaything of entities or attitudes.
Uttarapakṣa (Response): Related to knowledge and object resistance.
The knower is related.Truth is not just a desire for connection. My
description may be influenced by language and perspective, but Jagat
thwarts the misrepresentation. Medicine, engineering, agriculture, and
history define the limits of true resistance in science. Relativism,
therefore, refers to a state of knowledge and not to the arbitrariness of
truth.
66.12 The relational net of causes
Incidents often occur not for one reason but through a web of conditions.
Rainfall in floods, river courses, dams, settlements, and warnings are
combined. The main reason why questions can change according to the
purpose is the scientific explanation, the legal fault or the prevention.
Multifactoriality should not obscure the responsibility. The role of the
agent who could have controlled the known risk should be distinguished.
Looking at relationships is not an infinite list. It is necessary to separate
out the substantial contributors and the background conditions.
66.13 Relation to the environment of the body
Ability is not just a quality inside the body. The mobility of wheelchair
users is combined with roads, buildings and transport. The social
consequences of incompetence can change when the environment
changes.
This view did not deny the reality of the body. Medical and accessible
environments are different and complementary measures. Treating a
person as the only object of correction is unfair.
The policy will add technical standards and resources to the affected
person 's experience. The universal design allows for more people to
have abilities.
66.14 The Ethics of a Relationship Breakup
Not all relationships need to be saved. Respect can be protected by
leaving a violent family, exploitative work, or oppressive community.
Coexistence would have become bondage without the right to exit.
Exit decisions can leave real liabilities to others, such as debt or shared
resources. There should be a safe separation of responsibilities.
Reducing the Cost of Social Distancing: Shelter, Law, Income, and New
Relationships. Just leave it alone because the advice won 't understand
dependency.
66.15 Precedent: Force on the relationship undermines the rights of the
individual
The fear that individuals will be subservient to family or tradition when
told the importance of community ties is historically justified. Dissent has
been stifled in the name of the common good.
Coexistential realism views rights as conditions for a just relationship,
not as opposites. A relationship without consent, voice, outlet, and equal
status is not valid.
The person must also be responsible for the care of others and dependent
on public resources. Liability is mutual and proportional, not a
birthright.
66.7 The Co-Reality of Objects and Relationships
Objects are not simply knots of relations because their properties and
resistances do not vanish immediately with the change of relations. But
the object is not a complete abstraction either. Identity opens up in
relation to history, usage, and other objects.
Coexistential realism makes both extremes hold up. Rivers are physical
flows and also the relationships of community life. Social connotations
do not negate the quality of water. physical descriptions do not exhaust
cultural connotations.
66.8 Dependence and autonomy
Human autonomy is not the same thing as dependency. Language builds
capacity for care and organization. The question is whether the
dependent relationship enhances the individual 's voice or is it arbitrary
control.
The power of the grantor is limited by rule, deference, and appeal. The
recipient did not lose the right to a debt of gratitude. Relational freedom
is the security against domination within cooperation.
66.9 Perspectives and Objective Resistance
Knowledge is always going to come from somewhere. Farmers,
engineers, and riverbank dwellers see the same flood as a different side.
No one view is perfect, but not all are equally relevant.
Objectivity is not blindness but a critical combination of views. Add
measurement, experience, history, and counterargument. Conclusions
that tolerate multiple independent views tend to be more reliable.
66.10 The stable form of the entity relationship
The law, the market, the family and the university stabilize the dual
relationship. Institutions may outlive individuals, but do not exist
without the actions of individuals.
For this reason, change will come not only from a change of heart but
also from a change of rules and resources. However, individual
responsibility should not be erased by treating the institution as an
independent agent of the demon-king. The levels have to be kept
separate.
66.11 Conflict and coexistence
Coexistence does not mean the absence of conflict. There will be real
differences in resources, values, and identities. The question is how to
institutionalize the conflict without resorting to violence and
humiliation.
Fair process and limitation of rights require a path to temporary
settlement and reconsideration. Artificial harmony can endure in the
silence of the weak; open disagreement can become the basis for a more
permanent peace.
Chapter Conclusion
Coexistential realism holds that reality is independent of our will, but its
human experience is reduced to a web of relationships. The person is
real, the society is real, the body is real, the meaning is real, the object is
real, and the relationship is real. This theory posits an alternative to both
rigid individualism and rigid collectivism.
Chapter Bibliography
Gautama wrote that the Nyāya-sūtra.
Kanada is located at Vysheeshika-sūtra.
Nagarjuna as Mūlamadhyamakārikā.
Umasvati is the mother of Tattvārthasūtra.
Aristotle — Politics.
Charles Taylor — Sources of the Self.
Alasdair MacIntyre — After Virtue.
Amartya Sen — The Idea of Justice.