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V.L.F. · Videha Literature Festival

READING ROOM · CLASSICS

Classic Book Reviews

Brief, clearly labelled reading notes: interpretive guidance rather than replacement for the books. Where possible, follow the catalogue or a public-domain source.

Vidyapati · Selected lyrics

Vidyapati’s lyric voice joins devotional intensity with intimate attention to speech, body and season. The poems remain powerful because their musical compression allows several registers—courtly, sacred and personal—to coexist.

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Jyotirishwar Thakur · Varnaratnakar

A foundational Maithili encyclopaedic work, Varnaratnakar opens a window onto medieval knowledge, social description and literary classification. Read it as both a text and an archive of how a culture named its world.

Rabindranath Tagore · Gitanjali

Gitanjali’s English afterlife is inseparable from translation: its spare devotional poems move between inward prayer and public lyric address. The collection rewards comparison between the Bengali originals and translations.

Public-domain English text ↗

Selections from the official Videha Pothi catalogue

These notes are drawn from titles and categories visible in the official Videha Pothi catalogue ↗. They are orientation notes, not substitutes for the books.

Jyotirishwar Thakur · Maithili Dhurtasamāgam

A compact dramatic classic whose value lies in the encounter between social types, speech registers and comic staging. Read alongside Varnaratnakar to see how description and performance work together.

Jyotirishwar Thakur · Purusha Parīkṣā

The catalogue identifies this as a Maithili translation associated with Jyotirishwar’s textual world. Its critical interest is the movement of a didactic narrative across language and literary form.

Mahākavi Ḍāk · Ḍākavacan

Presented in the catalogue as a collected text, Ḍākavacan invites attention to aphorism, memory and the oral circulation of knowledge. Short sayings reward slow comparison rather than a single thematic summary.

Vidyapati · Vidyapati Padyāvalī

The catalogue preserves an edited selection of Vidyapati’s verse. Its importance for readers is the chance to move between lyric sound, editorial arrangement and the longer history of Maithili song.

Yātrī (Nāgārjun) · Balchanma

Listed in the modern-era section, Balchanma gives the reading room a route into Maithili narrative realism. Read it for the relation between individual life, social pressure and the texture of place.

Sir G. A. Grierson · Maithili Grammar

The catalogue places this grammatical work among modern-era resources. It is best approached both as a linguistic description and as a historical record of how Maithili was systematised for readers and researchers.

Harimohan Jha · Antikā

The catalogue identifies Antikā as a Harimohan Jha special issue. It is therefore both a literary object and an editorial archive, useful for tracing reception, recollection and the making of a writer’s afterlife.

Arvind Thakur · Parati Ṭūṭi Rahal Chhi

Listed as a poetry collection, this title belongs to the catalogue’s contemporary section. The critical starting point is the tension between broken landscape and poetic continuity signalled by the title itself.

Classics across languages

Comparative notes from English, Russian, French, German, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada traditions, with catalogue links.

English · Jane Austen, Persuasion

A late novel of memory, class and second chances, where social pressure is heard in ordinary conversation.

Public-domain text ↗

Russian · Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina

Parallel plots test private desire against family, work and social judgment.

Public-domain text ↗

Sanskrit · Kālidāsa, Abhijñānaśākuntalam

Recognition and memory move between court and forest; translation belongs beside performance.

Catalogue ↗

Tamil · Tirukkural

Couplets make brevity a method of ethical reflection across virtue, public life and love.

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Telugu · Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Rājasēkhara Caritramu

An early Telugu novel where narrative carries social observation and reformist debate.

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Malayalam · O. Chandu Menon, Indulekha

Education, gender and social change enter a modernising domestic world.

Catalogue ↗

Kannada · U. R. Ananthamurthy, Samskara

Ritual crisis tests caste, desire and moral authority without easy resolution.

Catalogue ↗

One classic in each translation language

The translation control offers 41 language choices. This shelf places one identifiable book beside each language.

1. Assamese · Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Burhi Aair Sadhu

A representative classic for the Assamese shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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2. Bengali · Rabindranath Tagore, Gitanjali

A representative classic for the Bengali shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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3. Bodo · Indramalati, Indramalati

A representative classic for the Bodo shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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4. Dogri · Padma Sachdev, Meri Kavita Mere Geet

A representative classic for the Dogri shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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5. English · William Shakespeare, Hamlet

A representative classic for the English shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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6. Gujarati · Govardhanram Tripathi, Saraswatichandra

A representative classic for the Gujarati shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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7. Hindi · Premchand, Godaan

A representative classic for the Hindi shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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8. Kannada · U. R. Ananthamurthy, Samskara

A representative classic for the Kannada shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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9. Kashmiri · Lal Ded, Lal Ded's Vakhs

A representative classic for the Kashmiri shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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10. Konkani · Ravindra Kelekar, Himavari

A representative classic for the Konkani shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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11. Maithili · Vidyapati, Vidyapati Padyavali

A representative classic for the Maithili shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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12. Malayalam · O. Chandu Menon, Indulekha

A representative classic for the Malayalam shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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13. Manipuri · M.K. Binodkumar Singh, Numit Kappa

A representative classic for the Manipuri shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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14. Marathi · Bhalchandra Nemade, Kosala

A representative classic for the Marathi shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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15. Nepali · Lain Singh Bangdel, Muluk Bahira

A representative classic for the Nepali shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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16. Odia · Fakir Mohan Senapati, Chha Mana Atha Guntha

A representative classic for the Odia shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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17. Punjabi · Amrita Pritam, Pinjar

A representative classic for the Punjabi shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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18. Sanskrit · Kalidasa, Abhijnanashakuntalam

A representative classic for the Sanskrit shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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19. Santhali · Raghunath Murmu, Bidu Chandan

A representative classic for the Santhali shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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20. Sindhi · Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Shah Jo Risalo

A representative classic for the Sindhi shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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21. Tamil · Tiruvalluvar, Tirukkural

A representative classic for the Tamil shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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22. Telugu · Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Rajashekhara Charitramu

A representative classic for the Telugu shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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23. Urdu · Mirza Ghalib, Diwan-e-Ghalib

A representative classic for the Urdu shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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24. Mandarin Chinese · Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber

A representative classic for the Mandarin Chinese shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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25. Cantonese · Louis Cha, The Legend of the Condor Heroes

A representative classic for the Cantonese shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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26. Persian · Ferdowsi, Shahnameh

A representative classic for the Persian shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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27. Hebrew · Amos Oz, A Tale of Love and Darkness

A representative classic for the Hebrew shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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28. Tibetan · Tenzin Tsundue, Mönlam

A representative classic for the Tibetan shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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29. Sinhala · Martin Wickramasinghe, Viragaya

A representative classic for the Sinhala shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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30. Spanish · Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote

A representative classic for the Spanish shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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31. French · Victor Hugo, Les Misérables

A representative classic for the French shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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32. German · Goethe, Faust

A representative classic for the German shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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33. Portuguese · José Saramago, Blindness

A representative classic for the Portuguese shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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34. Italian · Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy

A representative classic for the Italian shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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35. Russian · Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina

A representative classic for the Russian shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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36. Arabic · Naguib Mahfouz, The Cairo Trilogy

A representative classic for the Arabic shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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37. Japanese · Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji

A representative classic for the Japanese shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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38. Korean · Han Kang, The Vegetarian

A representative classic for the Korean shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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39. Indonesian · Pramoedya Ananta Toer, This Earth of Mankind

A representative classic for the Indonesian shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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40. Thai · Sunthorn Phu, Phra Aphai Mani

A representative classic for the Thai shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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41. Turkish · Orhan Pamuk, My Name Is Red

A representative classic for the Turkish shelf; compare the translation’s voice, form and cultural context with the original where possible.

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Batch 1 · Five languages · 25 books

Five books each from Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri and English. The Indian-language titles are drawn from the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register.

1. Assamese · Devabrata Das, Karhi Khelar Sadhu

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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2. Assamese · Samir Tanti, Faringbor Bator Katha Jone

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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3. Assamese · Pranabjyoti Deka, Dr. Pranabjyoti Deka’r Shreshtha Galpa

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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4. Assamese · Anuradha Sharma Pujari, Iyat Aikhan Aronhya Asil

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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5. Assamese · Jayashree Goswami Mahanta, Chanakya

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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1. Bengali · Swapnamoy Chakraborty, Joler Upor Pani

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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2. Bengali · Tapan Bandyopadhyay, Birbal

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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3. Bengali · Shankar, Eka Eka Ekashi

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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4. Bengali · Chinmoy Guha, Ghum-er Darja Thele

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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5. Bengali · Prasun Bandyopadhyay, Srestha Kabita

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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1. Bodo · Sahaisuli Brahma, Dwngnwi Lama Mwnse Gathwn

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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2. Bodo · Aron Raja, Sorane Thakhay

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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3. Bodo · Nandeswar Daimari, Jiu-Saforni Dakhon

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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4. Bodo · Rashmi Chowdhury, Sansrini Madira

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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5. Bodo · Moday Gahay, Khar’ Sayaw Aron Himalaya

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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1. Dogri · Khajur Singh Thakur, Thakur Satsai

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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2. Dogri · Chaman Arora, Ik Hor Ashwatthama

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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3. Dogri · Vijay Verma, Daun Sadiyan Ik Seer

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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4. Dogri · Veena Gupta, Chhe Roopak

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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5. Dogri · Raj Rahi, Namen Tunnel

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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1. English · Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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2. English · George Eliot, Middlemarch

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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3. English · Charles Dickens, Great Expectations

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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4. English · Virginia Woolf, To the Lighthouse

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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5. English · Toni Morrison, Beloved

A source-conscious reading entry for this five-language batch. Compare the original language, edition and named translation where available.

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Batch 2 · Five languages · 25 books

Five books each from Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri and Konkani. Kashmiri and Konkani entries are drawn from the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register.

1. Gujarati · Pannalal Patel, Manvini Bhavai

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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2. Gujarati · K. M. Munshi, Patan Ni Prabhuta

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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3. Gujarati · Joseph Macwan, Angaliyat

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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4. Gujarati · Jhaverchand Meghani, Sorath Tara Vaheta Pani

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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5. Gujarati · Govardhanram Tripathi, Saraswatichandra

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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1. Hindi · Premchand, Gaban

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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2. Hindi · Bhisham Sahni, Tamas

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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3. Hindi · Shrilal Shukla, Raag Darbari

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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4. Hindi · Phanishwar Nath Renu, Maila Anchal

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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5. Hindi · Dharamvir Bharati, Gunahon Ka Devta

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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1. Kannada · Shivaram Karanth, Chomana Dudi

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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2. Kannada · Kuvempu, Malegalalli Madumagalu

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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3. Kannada · S. L. Bhyrappa, Parva

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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4. Kannada · Shivaram Karanth, Mookajjiya Kanasugalu

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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5. Kannada · U. R. Ananthamurthy, Bharathipura

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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1. Kashmiri · Ali Shaida, Najdavanek’y Pot Aalav

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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2. Kashmiri · Sohan Koul, Psychiatric Ward

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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3. Kashmiri · Manshoor Banihali, Yeth Waweh Halay Tsong Kous Zalay

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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4. Kashmiri · Farooq Fayaz, Zael Dab

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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5. Kashmiri · Hirday Koul Bharti, Tilasm-e-Khanabadosh

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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1. Konkani · Henry Mendonca (H.M. Pernal), Konkani Kavyem: Rupani Ani Rupakam

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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2. Konkani · Prakash S. Parienkar, Varsal

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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3. Konkani · Maya Anil Kharangate, Amrutvel

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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4. Konkani · Sanjiv Verenkar, Raktachandan

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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5. Konkani · Damodar Mauzo, Karmelin

A source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and the official Sahitya Akademi register where applicable.

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Batch 3 · Five languages · 25 books

Five books each from Malayalam, Marathi, Manipuri, Nepali and Odia. Titles are drawn from the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register.

1. Malayalam · N. Prabhakaran, Mayamanushyar

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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2. Malayalam · K. Jayakumar, Pingalakeshini

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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3. Malayalam · E. V. Ramakrishnan, Malayala Novalinte Deshakalangal

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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4. Malayalam · M. Thomas Mathew, Shante Sitayanam

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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5. Malayalam · George Onakkoor, Hridayaraganghal

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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1. Marathi · Raju Baviskar, Kalyanilya Resha

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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2. Marathi · Sudhir Rasal, Vindanche Gadyaroop

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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3. Marathi · Krushnat Khot, Ringan

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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4. Marathi · Praveen Dashrath Bandekar, Ujavya Sondechya Bahulya

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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5. Marathi · Kiran Gurav, Baluchya Awasthantarachi Diary

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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1. Manipuri · Thokchom Ibohanbi Singh, Manipurida Punshi Warigee Sahitya

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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2. Manipuri · R. K. Jhalajit Singh, Ningshing Marup

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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3. Manipuri · Khaidem Pramodini, Madhabi

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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4. Manipuri · E. Dinamani Singh, Numit Amada

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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5. Manipuri · N. Kunjamohan Singh, Ahinggi Leirang

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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1. Nepali · Prakash Bhattarai, Nepali Paramparik Sanskriti Ra Sabhyata Ko Dukuti

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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2. Nepali · Yuva Baral, Chhichimira

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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3. Nepali · Judhabir Rana, Loksahitya Ra Loksanskritiko Parichaya

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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4. Nepali · K. B. Nepali, Saino

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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5. Nepali · Chhabilal Upadhyaya, Usha Anirudha

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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1. Odia · Girijakumar Baliyar Singh, Padapurana

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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2. Odia · Baishnab Charan Samal, Bhuti Bhakti Bibhuti

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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3. Odia · Ashutosh Parida, Aprastuta Mrutyu

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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4. Odia · Gayatribala Panda, Dayanadi

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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5. Odia · Hrushikesh Mallick, Sarijaithiba Apera

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register and established literary bibliographies.

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Batch 4 · Five languages · 25 books

Five books each from Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi and Tamil. Titles are drawn from the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise register.

1. Punjabi · Jinder, Safety Kit

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise award register.

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2. Punjabi · Paul Kaur, Sun Gunvanta Sun Budhivanta : Itihaasnama Punjab

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise award register.

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3. Punjabi · Swarnjit Savi, Mann Di Chip

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise award register.

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4. Punjabi · Sukhjit, Main Aynghosh Nahi

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise award register.

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5. Punjabi · Khalid Hussain, Sullan Da Salan

A source-conscious reading entry based on the official Sahitya Akademi language-wise award register.

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1. Sanskrit · Sadhu Bhadreshdas, Prasthānacatuṣṭaye Brahmaghoṣaḥ

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2. Sanskrit · Deepak Kumar Sharma, Bhāskaracaritām

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3. Sanskrit · Arun Ranjan Mishra, Śūnye Meghagānam

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4. Sanskrit · Janardan Prasad Pandey ‘Mani’, Dīpamāṇikyam

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5. Sanskrit · Vindhyeshwariprasad Mishra ‘Vinay’, Sṛjati Śaṅkhanādaṃ Kila

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1. Santali · Sumitra Soren, Mid Birna Chenne Saon Inag Sagai

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2. Santali · Maheswar Soren, Seched Sawnta Ren Andha Manmi

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3. Santali · Taraceen Baskey, Jaba Baha

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4. Santali · Kajli Soren, Sabarnaka Balire Sanan’ Panjay

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5. Santali · Niranjan Hansda, Mane Rena Arhang

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1. Sindhi · Bhagwan Atlani, Waghoo

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2. Sindhi · Hundraj Balwani, Purzo

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3. Sindhi · Vinod Asudani, Hathu Pakidijain

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4. Sindhi · Kanhaiyalal Lekhwani, Sindhi Sahit Jo Mukhtasar Itihas

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5. Sindhi · Arjun Chawla, Nena Nindakhra

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1. Tamil · Sa. Tamilselvan, Thamiz Sirukathaiyin Thadangal

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2. Tamil · A. R. Venkatachalapathy, Tirunelveeli Ezucciyum Vaa. Vuu.ci. Yum 1908

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3. Tamil · Rajasekaran (Devibharathi), Neervazhi Paduvum

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4. Tamil · M. Rajendran, Kaala Paani

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5. Tamil · Ambai, Civappuk Kazuttu Tan Oru Paccaip Paravai

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Batch 5 · Five languages · 25 books

Telugu, Urdu, Rajasthani, plus additional Bengali and Hindi classics.

1. Telugu · T. Patanjali Sastry, Rameshwaram Kaakulu Marikonni Kathalu

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2. Telugu · Madhuranthakam Narendra, Manodharmaparagam

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3. Telugu · Gorati Venkanna, Vallankitaalam

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4. Telugu · Nikhileswar, Agniswaasa

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5. Telugu · Bandi Narayana Swamy, Septabhoomi

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1. Urdu · Nida Fazli, Aazaadi

An additional source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and award/canon records.

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2. Urdu · Khadija Mastur, Aangan

An additional source-conscious reading entry selected from established literary bibliographies and award/canon records.

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3. Urdu · Intizar Husain, Basti

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4. Urdu · Shaukat Siddiqui, Khuda Ki Basti

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5. Urdu · Abdullah Hussain, Udas Naslein

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1. Rajasthani · Jitender Kumar Soni, Bharkhama

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2. Rajasthani · Mukut Maniraj, Gaon Ar Amma

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3. Rajasthani · Gaje Singh Rajpurohit, Palakati Preet

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4. Rajasthani · Kamal Ranga, Alekhun Amba

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5. Rajasthani · Meethesh Nirmohi, Mugtee

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1. Bengali · Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, Pather Panchali

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2. Bengali · Manik Bandopadhyay, Padma Nadir Majhi

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3. Bengali · Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, Aranyak

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4. Bengali · Mahasweta Devi, Hajar Churashir Ma

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5. Bengali · Sunil Gangopadhyay, Sei Somoy

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1. Hindi · Premchand, Godaan

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2. Hindi · Dharamvir Bharati, Andha Yug

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3. Hindi · Mohan Rakesh, Aadhe Adhure

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4. Hindi · Jaishankar Prasad, Kamayani

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5. Hindi · Bhagwati Charan Verma, Chitralekha

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Batch 6 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from French, German, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese.

1. French · Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. French · Victor Hugo, Les Misérables

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. French · Albert Camus, The Stranger (L’Étranger)

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. French · Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. French · Stendhal, The Red and the Black

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. German · Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. German · Franz Kafka, The Trial

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. German · Thomas Mann, Buddenbrooks

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. German · Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. German · Günter Grass, The Tin Drum

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Russian · Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Russian · Fyodor Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Russian · Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Russian · Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Russian · Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Spanish · Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Spanish · Gabriel García Márquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Spanish · Isabel Allende, The House of the Spirits

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Spanish · Carlos Fuentes, The Death of Artemio Cruz

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Spanish · Julio Cortázar, Hopscotch

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Portuguese · Machado de Assis, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Portuguese · José Saramago, Blindness

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Portuguese · Eça de Queirós, The Maias

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Portuguese · Fernando Pessoa, The Book of Disquiet

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Portuguese · Clarice Lispector, The Hour of the Star

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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Batch 7 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Italian, Greek, Latin, Arabic and Persian.

1. Italian · Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Italian · Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Italian · Alessandro Manzoni, The Betrothed

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Italian · Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, The Leopard

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Italian · Italo Calvino, If on a winter’s night a traveler

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Greek · Homer, The Odyssey

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Greek · Homer, The Iliad

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3. Greek · Plato, The Republic

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Greek · Sophocles, Oedipus Rex

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5. Greek · Nikos Kazantzakis, The Last Temptation of Christ

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Latin · Virgil, The Aeneid

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Latin · Ovid, Metamorphoses

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3. Latin · Augustine of Hippo, The Confessions

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4. Latin · Petronius, The Satyricon

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5. Latin · Apuleius, The Golden Ass

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1. Arabic · Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Arabic · Attar of Nishapur, The Conference of the Birds

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Arabic · Tayeb Salih, Season of Migration to the North

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Arabic · Abdul Rahman Munif, Cities of Salt

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Arabic · Naguib Mahfouz, The Cairo Trilogy

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Persian · Ferdowsi, The Shahnameh

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Persian · Attar of Nishapur, The Conference of the Birds

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Persian · Omar Khayyam, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Persian · Sadegh Hedayat, The Blind Owl

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Persian · Simین Daneshvar, Savushun

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Batch 8 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Turkish and Hebrew.

1. Japanese · Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji

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2. Japanese · Natsume Sōseki, Kokoro

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3. Japanese · Yasunari Kawabata, Snow Country

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Japanese · Kōbō Abe, The Woman in the Dunes

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Japanese · Haruki Murakami, Kafka on the Shore

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Chinese · Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Chinese · Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Chinese · Wu Cheng’en, Journey to the West

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4. Chinese · Lu Xun, The True Story of Ah Q

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Chinese · Yu Hua, To Live

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1. Korean · Kim Man-jung, The Cloud Dream of the Nine

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2. Korean · Han Kang, The Vegetarian

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3. Korean · Shin Kyung-sook, Please Look After Mom

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4. Korean · Han Kang, The White Book

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5. Korean · Yi Mun-yol, Our Twisted Hero

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1. Turkish · Anonymous, The Book of Dede Korkut

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2. Turkish · Orhan Pamuk, My Name Is Red

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3. Turkish · Sabahattin Ali, Madonna in a Fur Coat

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4. Turkish · Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, The Time Regulation Institute

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5. Turkish · Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, A Mind at Peace

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1. Hebrew · Amos Oz, The Book of the People

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Hebrew · Amos Oz, A Tale of Love and Darkness

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3. Hebrew · David Grossman, The Bridal Crown

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4. Hebrew · Amos Oz, The Way to the Cats

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5. Hebrew · A. B. Yehoshua, The Lover

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Batch 9 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Dutch and Polish.

1. Swedish · Selma Lagerlöf, The Wonderful Adventures of Nils

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2. Swedish · August Strindberg, The Red Room

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3. Swedish · Vilhelm Moberg, The Emigrants

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4. Swedish · Hjalmar Söderberg, Doctor Glas

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5. Swedish · Lars Gustafsson, A World of Strangers

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1. Norwegian · Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House

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2. Norwegian · Knut Hamsun, Hunger

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3. Norwegian · Sigrid Undset, Kristin Lavransdatter

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4. Norwegian · Tarjei Vesaas, The Ice Palace

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5. Norwegian · Jostein Gaarder, The Book of the Longing

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1. Danish · Karen Blixen, Out of Africa

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2. Danish · Martin Andersen Nexø, Pelle the Conqueror

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3. Danish · Johannes V. Jensen, The Fall of the King

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4. Danish · Carsten Jensen, We, the Drowned

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5. Danish · Peter Høeg, Miss Smilla’s Feeling for Snow

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1. Dutch · Harry Mulisch, The Assault

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2. Dutch · Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl

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3. Dutch · Gerard Reve, The Evenings

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4. Dutch · Harry Mulisch, The Discovery of Heaven

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5. Dutch · Herman Koch, The Dinner

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1. Polish · Bolesław Prus, The Doll

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2. Polish · Jan Potocki, The Manuscript Found in Saragossa

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3. Polish · Stanisław Lem, Solaris

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4. Polish · Bruno Schulz, The Street of Crocodiles

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5. Polish · Olga Tokarczuk, The Books of Jacob

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Batch 10 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Czech, Hungarian, Finnish, Romanian and Ukrainian.

1. Czech · Jaroslav Hašek, The Good Soldier Švejk

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2. Czech · Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being

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3. Czech · Karel Čapek, R.U.R.

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4. Czech · Bohumil Hrabal, Too Loud a Solitude

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5. Czech · Ladislav Fuks, The Cremator

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1. Hungarian · Ferenc Molnár, The Paul Street Boys

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2. Hungarian · Sándor Márai, Embers

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3. Hungarian · László Krasznahorkai, Satantango

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4. Hungarian · Magda Szabó, The Door

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5. Hungarian · Péter Nádas, The Book of Memories

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1. Finnish · Aleksis Kivi, The Seven Brothers

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2. Finnish · Mika Waltari, The Egyptian

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3. Finnish · Väinö Linna, The Unknown Soldier

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4. Finnish · Arto Paasilinna, The Year of the Hare

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5. Finnish · Sofi Oksanen, Purge

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1. Romanian · Liviu Rebreanu, The Forest of the Hanged

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2. Romanian · Camil Petrescu, The Last Night of Love, the First Night of War

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3. Romanian · Mircea Cărtărescu, Solenoid

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4. Romanian · Mateiu Caragiale, The Blind Man

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Romanian · Jules Verne, The Castle in the Carpathians

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Ukrainian · Taras Shevchenko, Kobzar

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Ukrainian · Valerian Pidmohylny, The City

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Ukrainian · Oksana Zabuzhko, The Museum of Abandoned Secrets

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Ukrainian · Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Ukrainian · Hnat Khotkevych, The Stone Soul

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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Batch 11 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Slovenian and Slovak.

1. Serbian · Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, The Mountain Wreath

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Serbian · Milorad Pavić, Dictionary of the Khazars

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Serbian · Ivo Andrić, The Bridge on the Drina

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Serbian · Danilo Kiš, The Encyclopedia of the Dead

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Serbian · Danilo Kiš, A Tomb for Boris Davidovich

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Croatian · Miroslav Krleža, The Return of Philip Latinowicz

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Croatian · Miroslav Krleža, The Glembays

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Croatian · Dubravka Ugrešić, The Palace in Spain

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Croatian · Dubravka Ugrešić, The Ministry of Pain

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Croatian · Siniša Matasović, The Cyclist Conspiracy

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1. Bulgarian · Ivan Vazov, Under the Yoke

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Bulgarian · Dimitar Dimov, Tobacco

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Bulgarian · Georgi Gospodinov, Time Shelter

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Bulgarian · Georgi Gospodinov, The Physics of Sorrow

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5. Bulgarian · Georgi Gospodinov, Natural Novel

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1. Slovenian · Vladimir Bartol, Alamut

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Slovenian · Drago Jančar, The Pilgrimage of the Eight

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3. Slovenian · Drago Jančar, Northern Lights

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4. Slovenian · Vitomil Zupan, The Galley Slave

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5. Slovenian · Andrej Blatnik, The Master and Margarita of Ljubljana

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1. Slovak · Peter Pišťanek, Rivers of Babylon

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Slovak · Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting

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3. Slovak · Ján Johanides, The House of the Deaf Man

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4. Slovak · Pavol Rankov, The Garden

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5. Slovak · Monika Kompaníková, The Fifth Boat

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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Batch 12 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Icelandic, Irish, Welsh, Catalan and Basque.

1. Icelandic · Halldór Laxness, Independent People

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Icelandic · Halldór Laxness, The Fish Can Sing

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3. Icelandic · Sjón, The Blue Fox

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Icelandic · Various authors, The Sagas of Icelanders

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Icelandic · Hannah Kent, Burial Rites

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Irish · Anonymous, The Táin

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Irish · Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Irish · Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Irish · Flann O’Brien, The Third Policeman

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Irish · Edna O’Brien, The Country Girls

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Welsh · Anonymous, The Mabinogion

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Welsh · Dylan Thomas, Under Milk Wood

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Welsh · Rhiannon Wyn, The Book of the Three

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Welsh · Mihangel Morgan, The Life of Rebecca Jones

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5. Welsh · Gwyn Thomas, The Pigeon

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1. Catalan · Mercè Rodoreda, The Time of the Doves

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Catalan · Carlos Ruiz Zafón, The Shadow of the Wind

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Catalan · Eduardo Mendoza, The City of Marvels

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4. Catalan · Mercè Rodoreda, The Death and the Spring

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Catalan · Mercè Rodoreda, The Plaça del Diamant

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1. Basque · Bernardo Atxaga, Obabakoak

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Basque · Bernardo Atxaga, The Son of the Accordionist

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3. Basque · Mark Kurlansky, The Basque History of the World

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Basque · Eduardo Galeano, The Book of Embraces

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5. Basque · Jon Mirande, The Hunchback of Urtubi

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Batch 13 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese and Albanian.

1. Estonian · A. H. Tammsaare, Truth and Justice

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Estonian · Andrus Kivirähk, The Man Who Spoke Snakish

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Estonian · Jaan Kross, The Czar’s Madman

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Estonian · Jaan Kross, The Beauty of History

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Estonian · Viivi Luik, The Inner Sea

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Latvian · Rainis, Midsummer Night

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Latvian · Rūdolfs Blaumanis, The Devil’s Servants

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Latvian · Nora Ikstena, The Scent of Mushrooms

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Latvian · Nora Ikstena, The Soviet Milk

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Latvian · Regīna Ezera, The Cage

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Lithuanian · Balys Sruoga, The Forest of the Gods

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Lithuanian · Ričardas Gavelis, Vilnius Poker

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Lithuanian · Antanas Škėma, The White Shroud

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4. Lithuanian · Kristijonas Donelaitis, The Seasons

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5. Lithuanian · Jurga Ivanauskaitė, The Woman in Bronze

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Maltese · Frans Sammut, Il-Gaġġa

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Maltese · Frans Sammut, Il-Ħelsien

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Maltese · Oliver Friggieri, Il-Ħajja Sigrieta ta’ ta’ Żeppi

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4. Maltese · Dun Karm Psaila, Għażiż Żgħażagħ

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5. Maltese · Immanuel Mifsud, Il-Ktieb tal-Ħolm

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1. Albanian · Ismail Kadare, The General of the Dead Army

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Albanian · Ismail Kadare, Broken April

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3. Albanian · Ismail Kadare, The Palace of Dreams

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Albanian · Ismail Kadare, The Great Winter

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5. Albanian · Ismail Kadare, The Fall of the Stone City

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Batch 14 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Swahili, Yoruba, Zulu, Amharic and Hausa.

1. Swahili · Abdilatif Abdalla, The Lion of Judah Has Crouched

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Swahili · Shaaban Robert, Kusadikika

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Swahili · Said Ahmed Mohamed, Utengano

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Swahili · Ken Walibora, Siku Njema

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Swahili · Hussein Abdilahi Mohamed, Kichwamaji

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Yoruba · Wole Soyinka, The Lion and the Jewel

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Yoruba · Wole Soyinka, The Interpreters

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Yoruba · Amos Tutuola, The Palm-Wine Drinkard

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Yoruba · Ben Okri, The Famished Road

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Yoruba · Akinwumi Isola, Ìgbà Iwájú

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Zulu · Thomas Mofolo, Shaka Zulu

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Zulu · H. I. E. Dhlomo, The Wrath of the Ancestors

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Zulu · R. R. R. Dhlomo, The Black Mamba

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Zulu · M. J. Mhlanga, The Sunbird

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Zulu · B. W. Vilakazi, Umsamu

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1. Amharic · Haddis Alemayehu, Fikir Eske Mekabir

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Amharic · Bealu Girma, Oromay

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Amharic · Sebhat Gebregziabher, Maebel

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4. Amharic · Yismake Worku, Dertogada

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Amharic · Dagnachew Worku, The Thirteenth Sun

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1. Hausa · Abubakar Imam, Ruwan Bagaja

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Hausa · Abubakar Imam, Magana Jari Ce

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3. Hausa · Abubakar Gimba, So Aljannar Duniya

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4. Hausa · Malam Hamza, Juyin Mulki

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5. Hausa · Balaraba Ramat Yakubu, Kukan Kurciya

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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Batch 15 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Vietnamese, Thai, Indonesian, Malay and Filipino.

1. Vietnamese · Nguyễn Du, The Tale of Kieu

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Vietnamese · Vũ Trọng Phụng, Dumb Luck

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Vietnamese · Bảo Ninh, The Sorrow of War

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Vietnamese · Dương Thu Hương, Paradise of the Blind

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Vietnamese · Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, The Crystal Messenger

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Thai · Chart Korbjitti, The Judgment

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Thai · Botan, Letters from Thailand

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3. Thai · Kukrit Pramoj, Four Reigns

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Thai · Jane Vejjajiva, The Happiness of Kati

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Thai · Utsana Pleungtham, The Story of Jan Dara

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Indonesian · Pramoedya Ananta Toer, This Earth of Mankind

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2. Indonesian · Andrea Hirata, The Rainbow Troops

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3. Indonesian · Ayu Utami, Saman

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4. Indonesian · Eka Kurniawan, Beauty Is a Wound

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5. Indonesian · Ahmad Tohari, The Dancer

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1. Malay · Tan Twan Eng, The Garden of Evening Mists

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2. Malay · Rani Manicka, The Rice Mother

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3. Malay · Abdullah Hussain, Interlok

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4. Malay · A. Samad Said, Salina

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5. Malay · Lat, The Kampung Boy

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1. Filipino · José Rizal, Noli Me Tángere

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2. Filipino · Nick Joaquin, The Woman Who Had Two Navels

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3. Filipino · Miguel Syjuco, Ilustrado

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4. Filipino · Lualhati Bautista, Dekada ’70

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5. Filipino · F. H. Batacan, Smaller and Smaller Circles

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Batch 16 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Georgian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Kazakh and Uzbek.

1. Georgian · Shota Rustaveli, The Knight in the Panther’s Skin

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Georgian · Chabua Amirejibi, Data Tutashkhia

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3. Georgian · Otar Chiladze, A Man Was Going Down the Road

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4. Georgian · Grigol Robakidze, The Snake’s Skin

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Georgian · Nodar Dumbadze, The First Russian

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Armenian · Grigor Narekatsi, The Book of Lamentations

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Armenian · Khachatur Abovian, The Wounds of Armenia

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3. Armenian · Raffi, The Fool

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Armenian · Franz Werfel, The Forty Days of Musa Dagh

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Armenian · Narine Abgaryan, Three Apples Fell from the Sky

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Azerbaijani · Kurban Said, Ali and Nino

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Azerbaijani · Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, The Devils

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3. Azerbaijani · Mammad Said Ordubadi, The Man Who Came from the Mountains

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Azerbaijani · Anar, The Last of the Line

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5. Azerbaijani · Akram Aylisli, The Stone Dream

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1. Kazakh · Mukhtar Auezov, The Path of Abai

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Kazakh · Ilyas Esenberlin, The Nomads

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Kazakh · Chingiz Aitmatov, The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years

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4. Kazakh · Mukhamet Shayakhmetov, The Silent Steppe

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5. Kazakh · Abai Qunanbaiuly, The Book of Words

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Uzbek · Abdulla Qodiriy, The Days Gone By

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Uzbek · Cho‘lpon, Night and Day

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3. Uzbek · Abdulla Qahhor, The Scorpion from the Altar

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Uzbek · O‘tkir Hoshimov, The Devils

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5. Uzbek · O‘tkir Hoshimov, Between Two Doors

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Batch 17 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Mongolian, Tibetan, Sinhala, Khmer and Burmese.

1. Mongolian · Anonymous, The Secret History of the Mongols

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Mongolian · Galsan Tschinag, The Blue Sky

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Mongolian · Gombojav Mend-Ooyo, The Wind Horse

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Mongolian · S. Erdene, The End of the Dark Age

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Mongolian · L. Tudev, The Crystal Mountain

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Tibetan · Padmasambhava, The Tibetan Book of the Dead

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Tibetan · Tsangnyön Heruka, The Life of Milarepa

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Tibetan · Alai, Red Poppies

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Tibetan · Tsering Shakya, The Struggle for a Modern Tibet

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Tibetan · Ma Jian, The Noodle Maker

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Sinhala · Martin Wickramasinghe, Gamperaliya

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Sinhala · Martin Wickramasinghe, Yuganthaya

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Sinhala · W. A. Silva, Viragaya

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Sinhala · Martin Wickramasinghe, Madol Doova

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Sinhala · Leonard Woolf, The Village in the Jungle

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Khmer · Anonymous, The Reamker

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Khmer · Khuon Srun, A Hundred Years of Solitude

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Khmer · Chanrithy Him, The Clay Marble

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Khmer · Loung Ung, First They Killed My Father

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Khmer · Rithy Panh, The Elimination

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Burmese · Anonymous, The Glass Palace Chronicle

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Burmese · Mya Than Tint, The Palm-Leaf Manuscript

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Burmese · Ma Ma Lay, Not Out of Hate

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Burmese · Nu Nu Yi, The Smile as Big as the Moon

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Burmese · U Ba Swe, The Road to Mandalay

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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Batch 18 · Five languages · 25 books

Five international classics each from Somali, Oromo, Xhosa, Afrikaans and Sesotho.

1. Somali · Nuruddin Farah, Maps

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Somali · Nuruddin Farah, From a Crooked Rib

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Somali · Nuruddin Farah, Links

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Somali · Abdourahman A. Waberi, Sardines

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Somali · Nadifa Mohamed, The Orchard of Lost Souls

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Oromo · Mohammed Hassen, The Oromo People

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Oromo · Asmarom Legesse, The Gadaa System

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Oromo · Mulugeta Gudeta, Biyya Oromoo

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Oromo · Hussein Mohammed, Seenaa Oromoo

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Oromo · Tadesse Liben, Dhaamsa Abbaa

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Xhosa · Zakes Mda, The Heart of Redness

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Xhosa · Nadine Gordimer, The House Gun

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Xhosa · H. I. E. Dhlomo, The Wrath of the Ancestors

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Xhosa · S. E. K. Mqhayi, A Man Who Was Almost a Man

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Xhosa · S. E. K. Mqhayi, Ityala Lama Ngamaphakathi

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Afrikaans · Etienne van Heerden, The Master of the High Court

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Afrikaans · Bridgette M. Wimberley, The Stone Virgins

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Afrikaans · André Brink, A Sunday in the Country

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Afrikaans · J. M. Coetzee, Disgrace

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Afrikaans · Zakes Mda, The Way of the Women

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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1. Sesotho · Thomas Mofolo, Chaka

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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2. Sesotho · M. E. Matsie, Moshoeshoe

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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3. Sesotho · M. T. Mofokeng, Nonyana ya Motsamai

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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4. Sesotho · E. K. Mphahlele, Letsatsi la Bophelo

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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5. Sesotho · M. J. Mofokeng, Mantswe a Bophelo

A canonical international classic selected from established bibliographies; compare the original with a named translation where available.

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Cantonese · 5 books

The V.L.F. 41-language translator’s Cantonese shelf, using established Hong Kong/Cantonese literary works.

1. Cantonese / Hong Kong Chinese · Liu Yichang, The Drunkard

An established Cantonese/Hong Kong Chinese reading entry; compare the original text with a named translation where available.

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2. Cantonese / Hong Kong Chinese · Xi Xi, My City

An established Cantonese/Hong Kong Chinese reading entry; compare the original text with a named translation where available.

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3. Cantonese / Hong Kong Chinese · Chan Koonchung, The Borrowed

An established Cantonese/Hong Kong Chinese reading entry; compare the original text with a named translation where available.

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4. Cantonese / Hong Kong Chinese · Xi Xi, I Can’t Remember

An established Cantonese/Hong Kong Chinese reading entry; compare the original text with a named translation where available.

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5. Cantonese / Hong Kong Chinese · Leung Ping-kwan, Foodscape

An established Cantonese/Hong Kong Chinese reading entry; compare the original text with a named translation where available.

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Classic Reviews