Decoding the Panji of Mithila · Volume IV · Chapter 49

Simarwad-Khaual, Ahil-Gotham, Mahnaura-Bindhi, and Damodarpur-Kakraud

Chapter 49. Simarwad-Khaual, Ahil-Gotham,
Mahnaura-Bindhi, and Damodarpur-Kakraud
   This chapter covers entries (414) through (419). It begins with
Simarwad under the Khaual frame and with Ranipur in Betia,
continues through the Simarwad-Betia or Kudiyatol branch, then
moves to Ahil-Khaual with Gotham in Nepal. It next records
Mahnaura in Nepal country under the name Bindhi, follows a
separate Bindhi continuation, and closes with Bindhi connected
to Damodarpur and Kakraud. The chapter stops before entry
(420), where the register opens a new Kaivalakh-Nahas-Khaual
section.
   The common logic is not a single village-name only. Simarwad,
Ahil, Mahnaura, Bindhi, Damodarpur and Kakraud appear as
local or territorial controls, while Khaual remains a recurring
mool and registration frame. Betia, Nepal, Gotham, Ranipur and
Kudiyatol mark the later geographical spread of these branches.
The entries also show how royal, professional, apara and kasthut
notes continued to be written in the same Panji grammar as older
descent lines.

1. Entry (414): Simarwad-Khaual and the Ranipur-Betia
register
  Entry (414) opens with "Simarwad san Ranipur (Betia)" and
immediately states the operative formula: "Simarwad Khaual
gramarambh." This means that Ranipur in Betia is the local
destination or settlement-name, while Simarwad-Khaual is the
genealogical control. The entry begins with Modan Narayan and
names Datt, called Bhairavdatt, Nanu, Bachharan, and another
Nanu-Baburaiya form. Their initial route runs through Hariamb-
Hridayram-Padmanabh and Soderpur-Devkrishna.
  Datt or Bhairavdatt produces Harkhu and Paramhans. They
are placed through Belaunch-Panni and Karmaha-Rudra. Harkhu
then gives Divakar and Nand Kishor, whose route is through
Soderpur-Phool-Gadadhar and Hariamb-Rupnath. Divakar gives

Nagendra Kishor, and the register places him through Hariamb-
Nena-Bachchelal and Pawali-Vishwanath. The apara line names
Surendranath and Sachindranath through Karmaha-Kuber-
Sundar and Sakararhi-Gulab. Surendranath itself is then
continued through Soderpur-Punyanand-Umeshchandra and
Baliyas-Yogi.
   Nand Kishor gives Yogindra Kishor, Girindra Kishor and
Jnanendra Kishor. Their route is through Karmaha-Mandhan-
Mukund and Khandbala-Vishnu Singh. Yogindra Kishor gives
Jitendra Kishor, Dhirendra Kishor and Mahendra Kishor. A
significant Alay connection appears here: the route is through
Raja Shrinandan Singh and Raja Kamalanand Singh, and then
through Mandar-Thithar. Jitendra Kishor is further linked
through Pawali-Gunanand-Kalikanand and Mandar-Ramanand.
  Girindra Kishor produces Ravindra Kishor through Kodariya-
Kumar-Ganeshchandra and Pandua-Kanhai. Ravindra Kishor
then gives Harendra Kishor, Shivendra Kishor and Mahendra
Kishor through Rohar-Soderpur-Naval Kishor-Rajendra Narayan
and Baliyas-Divakant. The entry therefore binds Simarwad-
Khaual to Betia, Karmaha, Khandbala, Alay, Mandar, Kodariya,
Pandua and Rohar-Soderpur without treating any one of them as
an isolated settlement.
  The Bachharan side names Nityanand, Mush, called Ugranand,
and Indranand. They are routed through Baheradhi-Ratidhar-
Kamalpani and Belaunch-Vidyanath. Indranand is then linked
with Takbal-Bandhu Datt-Shambhunath and Pawali-Kishori. The
Nanu side gives Chintamani, Khuni and Lutna through Sarisab-
Krishnadev-Pan Chan and Baliyas-Nath. These shorter clauses
complete the entry by attaching collateral Simarwad-Betia
branches to older recognized mool routes.

2. Entry (415): Simarwad-Betia, Kudiyatol and the
Ghanshyam branch
   Entry (415) remains in the Simarwad field but narrows the
location to Betia and Kudiyatol. The first named ancestor is

Ghanshyam. His sons are Babunandan, Ramabhadra and
Bhutinath. They are placed through Belaunch-Bhavdev-Bhaiya
and Baliyas-Mahadev. Babunandan is further associated with
Sarisab-Raghunath-Bhramar and Mandar-Mahipati.
   Ramabhadra produces Balbhadra, Pyare, called Subhadra,
Vanshi, called Virbhadra, and related forms. Their route runs
through     Ghusaut-Chhatrapati-Jhontu   and    Pandua-Bodh.
Balbhadra gives Balagopal and Balamukund through Karmaha-
Chitradhar-Rajju and Darihara-Nidhipani. Balagopal gives
Hiranath, who is placed through Pawali-Dhairyanarayan-Bhaylal
and Darihara-Babunath. A Hiralal or Hiranath-linked
continuation gives Nand Kishor through Pawali-Natha-Bholi and
Karmaha-Babunath.
   Balamukund gives Rajendra and Damodar. Their route is
through Sarisab-Bhavanidatt-Kalikadatt and Mandar-Kalar-
Mandhan. Rajendra is then linked through Budhwal-Ishwaridatt-
Gopal and Belaunch-Ganeshdatt. The entry therefore uses both
Karmaha and Budhwal as certifying channels for one Simarwad-
Betia branch.
   The next large cluster begins from Jaybhadra, who gives
Aniruddha and Yadunath through Pawali-Natha and Pandua-
Thakurdatt. Aniruddha gives Ganesh, Harinandan, Shivnandan
and Shrinandan through Pali-Shaktinath and Soderpur-Girdhari.
Ganesh gives Kalidatt through Hariamb-Bhairav-Musahar and
Khaual-Yuvraj. Kalidatt then gives Durgadatt and Maheshdatt
through Khandbala-Vishnu Singh-Chandeshwar Singh and
Pandua-Pan Jivi.
   Harinandan gives Rudranand and Krishnanand through
Khandbala-Vishnupati-Nityanand Singh and Tisaut-Chiranjeev.
Rudranand gives Raghunandan and Lalitnandan through
Soderpur-Ramdatt-Sadhu and Baliyas-Yadu. Raghunandan then
gives Ganganand, Kaladhar and Ishwarnand through Kanhauli-
Soderpur-Bhairav-Nirsu and Baliyas-Ishdatt. Krishnanand gives
Vinodanand, called Radhanand, through Budhwal-Artinath-
Kripanath and Khandbala-Padmanabh Singh. Ishwarnand is then

placed through Phandah-Krishnamani-Indramani and Soderpur-
Vilat.
   Shrinandan gives Shardanand, although the source leaves part
of the route dotted and incomplete. Bhutinath produces an apuch
branch through Ghusaut-Jhontu, and the apuch branch gives
Shaktinath through Budhwal-Shripati-Durgapati and Sakararhi-
Jaydatt. The dotted passages are not omissions by the present
editor; they are part of the transmitted register and show where
the Panji preserved the existence of a relationship without
supplying the full intermediate chain.

3. Entry (416): Ahil-Khaual, Gotham in Nepal, and the
Kanchan-Umanath line
  Entry (416) shifts the chapter from Simarwad to Ahil and
names Gotham in Nepal. The operative heading is "Ahil Khaual
gramarambh." This makes Khaual the mool-control, while Ahil
and Gotham identify the local and cross-border setting. The line
begins from Ghani, whose son Kanchan gives Umanath through
Khandbala-Dhitu. Umanath gives Lakshman through Digho-
Anath-Vanshi and Sakararhi-Harinarayan.
  Lakshman gives Dayaram and Hardatt through Khandbala-
Purushottam-Damodar and Hariamb-Pradyumna. Dayaram is
associated with Sitaram, Kriparam and another Dayaram branch.
The line of Kauskidatt and Chhotku is attached through Pali-
Shrikrishna-Bholu and Sukhet-Sakararhi-Lala. Kriparam is
separately linked through Jajival-Kaladhar-Badrinath and
Panichobh-Badrinath. Kauskidatt gives Balbhadra through
Sarisab-Chanan.
   The register then records a Lakshman-Ganga-Chanan
sequence. Chanan is placed through Nikhuti-Sadanand-
Ramkrishna and Alay-Bachhay. Chanan gives a Naroun-
Kamalapati-Chilka route and a Digho-Andu route. Balbhadra
gives Madhusudan, Mukund and Madhav through Sarisab-
Soderpur-Nidhi-Bhairavdatt and Khaual-Bodh.

   Mukund gives Jagdish through Hariamb-Sitaram-Jageshwar
and Mandar-Manbharan. Jagdish is linked through Kujouli-
Khagnath-Ram Nandan and Baliyas-Rajje. Madhav gives
Chiranjeev through Gangoli-Chhotkani-Jivanath and Darihara-
Dhodhan. Chiranjeev is then linked with Hariamb-Basant-Vaiya
Umesh and Kujouli-Eknath. Chhotku has a separate route
through Digho-Paran-Chhaban and Pali-Khela. The Hardatt line
ends with an incomplete Sarisab route; the register records the
heading and the relationship but not the full chain.

4. Entry (417): Mahnaura-Khaual in Nepal country and
the first Bindhi construction
  Entry (417) is headed "Mahnaura san Nepal deshe Bindhi" and
then gives the formula "Mahnaura Khaual gramarambh." It
therefore joins three frames: Mahnaura as the local register,
Khaual as the mool-control, and Bindhi as the Nepal-country
designation. The line begins with Lala. His sons are Mahinath,
Raghunath, Prannath and Jagannath, routed through Baheradhi-
Chudamani-Deonand and Ekhara-Mohan.
   Mahinath gives Kriparam and Sitaram through Pali-
Ramanand-Bhavanand and Ekhara-Narottam. Kriparam gives
Govind and Gonadh through Soderpur-Harinandan-Trilochan
and Karmaha-In. Raghunath gives Durgadatt, Saheb and Dhanka
through    Soderpur-Bhavi-Bhikhari   and     Khaual-Mahadev.
Durgadatt then gives Shambhunath, Bholanath, Gaurinath and
Kedarnath through Jajival-Saday-Umapati and Hariamb-Ghani.
   Shambhunath gives Ramanath and Gopal through Soderpur-
Visuni-Narayandatt and Darihara-Kul. Ramanath gives Ugranath,
Manmohan, Pyare, Apuch and Sundar through Sarisab-Bhaiyan-
Kalanath and Mandar-Jagannath. Ugranath is placed through
Ekhara-Poshan-Sina and Khaual-Bechan. Pyare is linked through
Pawali-Punyashil-Rupi and Sakararhi-Mani. Apuch gives
Niranjan through Karmaha-Maniram-Gopi and Darihara-Hiyan,
and Niranjan gives Raghunandan and Shrinandan through
Baheradhi-Vire-Manohar and Darihara-Shaktinath.

   The Gopal side is equally important. Gopal is linked through
Sarisab-Dharmapati-Narayandatt and Hariamb-Bhola. An apara
Gopal line gives Ganesh, Mohan and Vasudev through Budhwal-
Bachharu-Ratan and Sarisab-Eknath. Ganesh gives Damodar
through Hariamb-Kalikadatt-Gumani and Satlakha-Shankardatt.
Damodar is then placed through Pawali-Jagmohan-Grihimani
and Baliyas-Rajnath. The entry closes by repeating a same-soder
daughter line through Baheradhi-Vire-Manohar and Darihara-
Shaktinath, showing that the Mahnaura-Bindhi line is being tied
back to a recognized Baheradhi-Darihara axis.

5. Entry (418): Bindhi continuation through Mohan,
Vasudev, Bholanath and Yadunath
   Entry (418) is a shorter heading, simply "Bindhi," but it
continues the same Nepal-side construction rather than
beginning a wholly unrelated register. Mohan is placed through
Karmaha-Hari-Janaki and Khaual-Parashmani. Vasudev is placed
through Karmaha-Rajnath-Mush and Gangoli-Devan-Anant, with
Budhwal-Lalitlal also preserved as a related control. This
immediately connects the Bindhi continuation with Karmaha,
Khaual, Gangoli and Budhwal.
  Bholanath gives Shreenath, Umanath and Yadunath through
Soderpur-Visuni-Narayandatt and Darihara-Kul. Shreenath gives
Raja, Kanhai and Madhav through Panichobh-Jagannath-
Gunanidhi and Satlakha-Dinu. An apara Shreenath line gives
Krishna through Pali-Modnath-Babunath and Satlakha-Poshan.
Raja is linked with Baheradhi-Lakhan-Chhakori. Kanhai gives
Bihari through Belaunch-Gujar-Nehal-Phanindra and Hariamb-
Hemnath, and Bihari is then placed through Soderpur-Dullah-
Ganeshdatt and Baheradhi-Bhaiya.
  Madhav is tied through Soderpur-Chandradatt-Mahadevdatt
and Alay-Duvari-Yadu, with Naroun-Chhatri also written. Krishna
repeats the Soderpur-Mahadevdatt and Alay-Yadu route. This
repetition indicates that the register is not confused; it is

emphasizing that both Madhav and Krishna are to be read
through the same Soderpur-Alay channel.
  Umanath gives Ram through Gangoli-Dukhni-Nandi and
Mandar-Bhairavdatt. Ram is then carried through a Pali-Garib-
Muna-Furda route and a Kujouli-Bhairav route. Yadunath gives
Lakshman and Janaklal through Belaunch-Vidyanath-Mani and
Soderpur-Nandishwar. Lakshman gives Yugal through Pawali-
Hiralal-Gopal and Hariamb-Babuan. Yugal is then placed through
Pali-Bholanath-Badrinath,   through     Darihara-Prabhunath-
Shakrinath, and by a Baheradhi-Adinath kasthut note. The word
kasthut preserves a documentary status marker, not a simple
descent name.

6. Entry (419): Bindhi, Damodarpur-Kakraud and the
Janaklal continuation
   Entry (419) is headed Bindhi and gives the number 214, then
localizes the continuation at Damodarpur-Kakraud. It begins
from Janaklal. His sons are Baldev, Raghuvir and Suresh, placed
through     Soderpur-Balkaram-Hanumandatt       and      Baliyas-
Premnath. Baldev gives Ramanand and Revati Raman. A
Mahamadi resident connection with Sakri is written, followed by
Belaunch-Sundarlal. The line then introduces Madhav, Ghoghan
and Dinbandhu through Pali-Bala.
   Dinbandhu gives Devidatt through Budhwal-Padmapati-Ankhi
and Soderpur-Dukhbhanjan. Devidatt gives Sundarlal through
Soderpur-Shivdatt-Dukhiya and Baliyas-Sanath. Sundarlal is
placed through Darihara-Chandramani-Munilal and Pawali-
Shyamlal. Raghuvir and Revati Raman are both tied through
Sarisab-Shreenath-Raghunath      and     Karmaha-Pushpakant.
Gaurinath is recorded through Belaunch-Dharmadatt-Bechan
and Pali-Hari, and an apara line goes through Soderpur-Feknu-
Anand and Satlakha-Balah.
  Kedarnath gives Nena, Devkinandan, Amritnath, Bechan,
Samaved and Bachchi through Soderpur-Maddu-Purushottam
and Khaual-Girpati. Abhiram gives Bhaiya and Kuli through

Karmaha-Bhavani-Raghu and Mandar-Nirgati. Bhaiya gives
Babnu and Chhabnu through Pali-Manhar-Harikrishna and
Khaual-Vidhapati. Kuli gives Manbodh and Narayandatt through
Budhwal-Vir-Andi and Khaual-Lakshman.
   Manbodh gives Parashmani through Pali-Sonmani-Manbodh
and Sarisab-Saheb. Two apara routes then appear through
Panichobh-Madhurapati: one through Jaydatt and Mandar-
Sanath, the other through Yogi and Baliyas-Hridaynandan.
Devkinandan is placed through Karmaha-Bhairavdatt-Babunath
and Baliyas-Muni, and Devkinandan gives Kunai through
Soderpur-Bhaiyan-Keshavnath and Karmaha-Pyare. A Thithru
line is then written through Pawali-Vaiya Vikram-Kishori and
Sakararhi-Bachchu.
   The closing part of the entry returns to Narayandatt and
Gopal. Narayandatt gives Gopal through Kujouli-Kulpati-Hempati
and Ekhara-Kala. Gopal gives Nakchhed through Karmaha-
Shambhunath-Babunath and Ekhara-Nenu. Nakchhed is then
placed through Baheradhi-Jayanand-Manbharan and Baliyas-
Gane. This is the proper end of the Bindhi-Damodarpur-Kakraud
unit, because the next entry begins a new Kaivalakh-Nahas-
Khaual gramarambh.

7. Why entries (414) to (419) form one chapter
   Entries (414) and (415) are united by Simarwad, Khaual, Betia
and Kudiyatol. Entries (416) through (419) then move the same
Khaual logic into Ahil, Gotham in Nepal, Mahnaura, Bindhi and
Damodarpur-Kakraud. The chapter therefore has a clear
geographical arc: from Simarwad-Ranipur in Betia toward Nepal-
side Ahil and Mahnaura, and then into the Bindhi and Kakraud
continuations.
   The chapter also illustrates how Panji headings must be read
in layers. "Simarwad san Ranipur" is not the same kind of
statement as "Simarwad Khaual gramarambh." The former gives
locality; the latter gives genealogical control. Likewise,
"Mahnaura san Nepal deshe Bindhi" gives the territorial identity,

while the following Mahnaura-Khaual formula tells us how to
classify the branch within the mool system. The same care is
needed with apara, apuch and kasthut notes: they preserve
branch status and documentary memory rather than merely
adding extra names.
  This chapter stops deliberately before entry (420). Entry (420)
opens with Kaivalakh-Nahas and explicitly states a Nahas-Khaual
gramarambh. That is a fresh register, distinct from the
Simarwad-Ahil-Mahnaura-Bindhi unit completed here.

Illustrated research apparatus

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